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扎根新疆大地做好非遗传承文章******

　　讲述人：石河子大学新疆非物质文化遗产研究中心主任、文学艺术学院教授吴新锋

　　党的二十大报告指出，繁荣发展文化事业和文化产业。健全现代公共文化服务体系，实施重大文化产业项目带动战略。作为一名高校教师，一名非物质文化遗产的研究者，我更加坚定了传承非物质文化遗产、培养更多优秀传承人、深入推进文化润疆的信心。

　　2009年，从北京大学中文系硕士毕业回到石河子大学工作时，我便确定了自己的目标——开展新疆非遗保护和研究。当时，了解新疆非物质文化遗产的人并不多，这为我们的研究增加了不少困难。但困难的事情总要有人去做，这是新疆的需要，也是时代的需要。

　　十余年来，我们扎根新疆大地做研究，从零开始探索和积累，逐渐影响和聚集起一批优秀人才，极大地推动了新疆非遗研究工作的开展。2011年，石河子大学新疆非物质文化遗产研究中心成立，这是新疆高校首个非物质文化遗产科研机构，是集非遗教学、科研、文化传承与社会服务为一体的重要平台。中心坚持“求真”原则，聚焦新疆工作总目标和新时代党的治疆方略开展非遗科学研究和资政服务，承担了三十余项国家、省部级课题，产出了一批标志性科研成果，出版了新疆首部非物质文化遗产课程教材《新疆非物质文化遗产概论》。

　　2016年开始，中心聚焦非遗人才培养，将其与手工艺行业发展、乡村振兴及非遗文旅融合升级等工作结合起来，立足国家战略需求和新疆、兵团现实需要开展工作。这一转变意味着我们对新疆非遗领域的研究由“求真”转为“致用”。经过多年的努力，新疆非遗传承人培养工作成果丰硕。家住新疆生产建设兵团第六师红旗农场的绣娘左拉汗，是我们承担的文旅部、教育部、人社部中国非遗研培项目哈萨克族毡绣布绣研培班第一期的学员，参加培训时她已经70岁了，是年龄最大的一位学员，却也是最努力、接受新理念最快的学员。参加培训后，左拉汗成立了哈萨克族刺绣合作社，不仅自己年收入突破五万元，还带领连队妇女职工一起创业致富，成为非遗助力乡村振兴的典型。

　　非物质文化遗产是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。习近平总书记日前对非物质文化遗产保护工作作出重要指示，再一次让我们提振了信心。今后，我们将充分发挥非物质文化遗产在文化润疆、铸牢中华民族共同体意识和推进新疆伊斯兰教中国化方面的独特作用，继续在“求真”和“致用”上下功夫，力争在非遗助力乡村振兴、文旅融合升级、服务社会发展和更加系统性的科学研究方面取得新突破。

　　（光明日报记者赵明昊、光明日报通讯员甘秀叶采访整理）

　　《光明日报》（ 2022年12月29日 05版）

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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.